ʻO kahi hōʻike i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kēia lā e ka World Health Organization e hōʻike ana he 99% o kake hanu nei ka lehulehu o ka honua i ka eaʻoi aku ma mua o nā palena maikaʻi o ka ea WHO, hoʻoweliweli i ko lākou olakino, a ʻo ka poʻe e noho ana ma nā kūlanakauhale ke hanu nei i nā pae maikaʻi ʻole o nā mea ʻala maikaʻi a me ka nitrogen dioxide, me nā poʻe ma nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa - a me nā ʻāina waena ka mea i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia.
Hōʻike ka hōʻike ma mua o 6,000 mau kūlanakauhale ma 117 mau ʻāina e nānā nei i ka maikaʻi o ka ea, kahi helu helu.Hoʻoikaika ka World Health Organization i ke koʻikoʻi o ka kaupalena ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahie mōʻalihaku a me ka hana ʻana i nā hana ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi i ka pae o ka pollution ea.
ʻO nā mea ʻala maikaʻi a me ka nitrogen dioxide
ʻO ka Nitrogen dioxide he mea haumia maʻamau o ke kūlanakauhale a he mea mua i nā mea ʻāpana a me ka ozone.ʻO ka hōʻano hou o 2022 o ka WHO Air Quality Database e hōʻike ana i nā ana i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻāina o ka nui o ka nui o ka nitrogen dioxide (NO2) no ka manawa mua.Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka mea hou i ke ana ʻana i nā mea ʻāpana me ke anawaena like a i ʻole ma lalo o 10 microns (PM10) a i ʻole 2.5 microns (PM2.5).ʻO kēia mau ʻano mea haumia ʻelua no nā hana kanaka e pili ana i ka puhi ʻana i nā wahie fossil.
ʻO ka waihona ʻikepili maikaʻi o ka ea hou ka mea nui loa a hiki i kēia lā e uhi ana i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka ea.Ma kahi o 2,000 mau kūlanakauhale hou aʻe / nā noho kanaka i kēia manawa e hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻikepili nānā ʻana i ka ʻāina no nā mea ʻala, PM10 a/a i ʻole.PM2.5hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mea hou hope.ʻO kēia ka hōʻailona ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā hōʻike mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka waihona ma 2011.
I ka manawa like, ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka kumu hōʻike no ka pōʻino o ka haumia ea i ke kino o ke kanaka, me nā hōʻike e hōʻike ana he nui nā mea haumia ea e hiki ke hōʻeha nui i nā pae haʻahaʻa loa.
Hiki ke komo i loko o ke akemāmā a komo i loko o ke kahe koko, e pili ana i ka maʻi cardiovascular, cerebrovascular (stroke) a me nā ʻōnaehana hanu.Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike hou e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina e pili ana ka nitrogen dioxide me nā maʻi hanu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hānō, ka hopena i nā hōʻailona hanu (e like me ka ʻuʻu ʻana, ka uila a i ʻole ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana), nā halemai a me nā kipa lumi pilikia.
"ʻO nā kumukūʻai wahie fossil kiʻekiʻe, ka palekana o ka ikehu a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia olakino māhoe o ka haumia o ka ea a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau e hōʻike ana i ka pono wikiwiki e hoʻolalelale i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi honua i hilinaʻi ʻole ʻia i nā wahie fossil," wahi a ka Luna Hoʻokele o WHO ʻo Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
Nā hana e hoʻomaikaʻi aimaikaʻi o ka eaa me ke olakino
ʻO wai ke kāhea nei i ka hana wikiwiki a hoʻoikaika e hana i nā hana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maikaʻi o ka ea.No ka laʻana, hoʻopaʻa a hoʻoponopono a hoʻokō i nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka ea aupuni e like me nā alakaʻi alakaʻi maikaʻi o ka lewa WHO;Kākoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale no ka kuke ʻana, ka hoʻomehana a me ke kukui;Ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana kaʻa lehulehu a me ka poʻe hele wāwae - a me nā pūnaewele pili kaʻa kaʻa;Ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻokuʻu kaʻa koʻikoʻi a me nā kūlana kūpono;Pono ka nānā ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kaʻa;Ke kālele 'ana i ka hale hoʻoikaika ikaika a me ka hana mana;Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā ʻōpala ʻoihana a me ke kūlanakauhale;E hōʻemi i nā hana agroforestry e like me ke puhi ʻana i ka ʻōpala mahiʻai, ke ahi o ka nahele a me ka hana lanahu.
He pilikia ka hapa nui o nā kūlanakauhale me ka nitrogen dioxide
ʻO 117 mau ʻāina e nānā ana i ka maikaʻi o ka ea, 17 pakeneka o nā kūlanakauhale ma nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe ka maikaʻi o ka ea ma lalo o nā alakaʻi alakaʻi maikaʻi o ka ea WHO no PM2.5 a i ʻole PM10, wahi a ka hōʻike.Ma nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa a me waena, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 1% o nā kūlanakauhale e hālāwai me nā paepae i ʻōlelo ʻia e WHO no ka maikaʻi o ka ea.
Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ʻike nui ʻia nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa a me waena i nā pae maikaʻi ʻole o nā mea ʻala i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka awelika honua, akā ʻokoʻa nā kumu NO2, e hōʻike ana i ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa a me waena.
Pono e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nānā ʻana
ʻO ʻEulopa a me kekahi ʻano, ʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀkau e noho mau i nā ʻāpana me ka ʻike piha o ka maikaʻi o ka ea.ʻOiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā ana PM2.5 i nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa - a me waena, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi lākou ma waena o ka hōʻano hou ʻana o ka waihona ma 2018 a me kēia hōʻano hou, a ʻo 1,500 mau kānaka hou aku i kēia mau ʻāina e nānā i ka maikaʻi o ka ea.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-24-2023